References Research Paper

One author: List the author(s) of the article using the same format given above for books, then give the year, the title of the article or chapter (no quotes, italics or underlines), then the name(s) of the editor(s) of the book or compilation, followed by "ed." or "eds.". Further information can be found by consulting Hansen (1991), Council of Biology Editors (1994), and Harnack & Kleppinger (2000), particularly their chapter on Using CBE Style to Cite and Document Sources.

One author: List the author(s) of the article using the same format given above for books, then give the year, the title of the article or chapter (no quotes, italics or underlines), then the name(s) of the editor(s) of the book or compilation, followed by "ed." or "eds.". Further information can be found by consulting Hansen (1991), Council of Biology Editors (1994), and Harnack & Kleppinger (2000), particularly their chapter on Using CBE Style to Cite and Document Sources.

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But you also need to cite sources from which you paraphrase or summarize facts or ideas -- whether you've put the fact or idea into your own words or not, you got the fact or idea from somebody else and you need to give them proper acknowledgement (even if an idea might be considered "common knowledge," but you didn't know it until you found it in a particular source).

Sources that need to be acknowledged are not limited to books and journal articles, but include internet sites, computer software, written and e-mail correspondence, even verbal conversations with other people (in person or by telephone).

If you have multiple sources from a single author published in the same year, distinguish them both in the in-text citation and in the reference list, by appending the letters a, b, c...

(For example: Allen 1996a, 1996b.) You should include enough information that your readers will be able to find these sources on their own.

You should acknowledge a source any time (and every time) you use a fact or an idea that you obtained from that source.

Thus, clearly, you need to cite sources for all direct quotations.All different kinds of sources must be acknowledged.Furthermore, if you use figures, illustrations, or graphical material, either directly or in modified form, that you did not yourself create or design, you need to acknowledge the sources of those figures.If you have more than one source by the same author published in the same year, distinguish them both in the in-text citation and in the reference list, by appending the letters a, b, c...to the year, in the order in which the different references appear in your paper.There are, however, other reasons for citing references in scientific research papers.Citations to appropriate sources show that you've done your homework and are aware of the background and context into which your work fits, and they help lend validity to your arguments.The exact format is not critical, but consistency and completeness is. A reference guide to using internet sources, Bedford/St. Reference lists are generally reverse-indented--this just helps the reader to find references to specific authors that much faster. If your source of information has no individual identifiable author, use the name of the organization to which the work can be attributed in place of the author's name: As New England is located at the convergence of several distinct storm tracks ( we expect to find clear differences in isotopic composition among seasons and potentially among different rain storm events (Fig. Such a source would be omitted from your References Cited or Bibliography section.Your list of References Cited should include all of the references you cited in your paper, and no more!